![]() ![]() More recently, another rotaxane was producedįrom a single template DNA origami structure wherein the ring and “clamped” in place by complementary sequences extendedįrom staple strands. Was then partially wrapped around the axle before being mechanically These were assembled first with the ring in an open form, which Where two discrete DNA origami structures constituted the axle and Which was demonstrated in 2016 37 in a structure In contrast,Ī truly catenated scaffold can only be decatenated by covalent bondīreaking and may be preferable for the extra stability it would provideīeing produced as true catenanes, include rotaxanes, the first of ![]() Staple strands results in decatenation of the structure. 36 As with the first example, removal of noncovalently bound With the help of a gold particle templated approach. Structures, which were joined together via additional staple strands Here, each of the two rings was made from four individual DNA origami Recently, a second two-ring DNA origami catenane was demonstrated. In thisĬase, the topology of the two connected scaffold strands is such thatĭecatenation can be achieved without covalent bond breaking. Mobius strip followed by removal of selected staple strands. 35 This was achieved by splitting a DNA origami In 2010 when a two-ring DNA origami catenane was produced. Very few examples of topologically linked DNA origami structures Machines with increased functionality and sophistication due to theĪbility to irreversibly link together discrete DNA origami structures. As a result, it has the potential to construct molecular Greater structural redundancy compared to classical topologically Generated a range of catenated products, and has not been appliedĪn attractive goal due to its high molecular weight and resulting 34 However, this approach showed poor efficiency, In a study, which used Ena/Vasp-like protein and topoisomerase I. SsDNA circles of a length suitable for DNA origami has been demonstrated Production of considerably longer catenated ![]() 28, 33 However, this approach results in small (sub-200 nt) catenanes,Įssentially an order of magnitude smaller than required to make complexĭNA origami structures. 31 The resulting structures have been shown capable of functioningĪs switches 27, 32 and rotary motors. ![]() They involve enzymatic ligation or chemical coupling of short linearĭNA components following geometric prearrangement by DNA origami, 26 hybridization of short complementary sequences 27− 30 or conjugation with dsDNA-binding moieties. In recent years, catenated ssDNA rings haveīeen designed and produced in vitro using a number of methods. Topologically linked DNA molecules are known to occur in nature 25 and are also attractive as artificial constructs Included hybridization of sticky ends 19 or base stacking 7, 20− 22 and have achievedĪddressable semimicrometer-scale tiles. 15− 18 Efforts to connect together discrete DNA origami structures have Have been reported, including those that are shortened, 10, 11 extended, 12− 14 or otherwise modified to provide arbitrary lengthĪnd sequences. 8, 9 While customization of scaffolds can be challenging, numerous examples Whose opening can be programmed in response to stimuli. Strand is thousands of bases long, providing enough material for theĬonstruction of complex, rigid structures such as dynamic containers “staple” strands, which bind to cognate sequences distributed 5ĭNA origami is a DNA nanotechnology in which a long single-strandedĭNA “scaffold” is shaped by the action of many short Liquid crystals, and other new materials. In 1983 2, 3 with Stoddart demonstrating a rotaxane almostīeen many examples of topological molecules, 1 and demonstrated applications include nanometric electronic switches, 1 They achieved particular prominence after Sauvage’sĭemonstration of the templated approach to molecular catenane synthesis Molecules such as catenanes and rotaxanesĪre challenging and fascinating targets in supramolecular chemistry. ![]()
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